Author Archive

Update: disabled-rights rulings

On Dec. 2 the U.S. Supreme Court handed down a unanimous (7-0, two members not voting) decision in the much-watched Americans with Disabilities Act case of Hernandez v. Hughes Missile Systems (see Oct. 14, Oct. 7, Sept. 16-17, 2002. It held that notwithstanding the ADA’s protection of rehabilitated drug users, an employer is not obliged to rehire such drug users when it is following an otherwise neutral rule prohibiting the rehiring of former employees terminated for misconduct, provided it is not invoking such a rule as a mere pretext. The decision was widely reported as a straight-out victory for employers (see, for example, “US court rules for company on drug-use disability”, Reuters/Forbes, Dec. 2) but a closer look suggests a more complicated picture, with the door still open for legal attacks on many seemingly neutral employment rules (“Supreme Court Says No-Rehire Policy Is Not Discriminatory Practice Under ADA”, BNA, Dec. 8; “Supreme Court Dodges Question Whether Rehire Policy Barring Former Drug User Violates Disability Law”, Jackson Lewis, Dec. 3).

On the other coast, disabled-rights litigators suffered a significant setback last month that has been little noted in the national press, when a Bay Area judge rejected an suit attempting to hold the clothing discounter Mervyn’s liable for maintaining merchandise displays too crowded for wheelchair users to navigate. In his decision, Alameda Superior Court Judge Henry Needham “wrote that fixing Mervyn’s California stores to make all aisles conform with a 32-inch clearance for wheelchairs would cost the company $70 million in lost annual sales and $30 million in lost profits, according to the company’s estimates.” This exceeds the scope of “reasonable” accommodation, the judge ruled (Melanie Payne, “Judge backs Mervyn’s in disability suit”, Sacramento Bee, Nov. 5). Disabled-rights litigators had made wide-aisle mandates an important priority in lawsuits and protests: see Aug. 23 and links from there.

UK: prolific race litigant restrained

Following up on an item from Jun. 12-15: “The reign of Britain’s most prolific race discrimination litigant could be over. After 82 employment tribunal cases, more than ?74,000 of public money and ?500,000 spent by companies defending themselves against him, Omorotu Francis Ayovuare has been stopped in his tracks by Lord Goldsmith, the Attorney General. Lawyers for the Attorney General persuaded a High Court judge to issue a ‘restriction of proceedings order’ against Mr Ayovuare, whose litigiousness was revealed by the Telegraph in June. He must now get permission from a judge each time he wants to bring a new tribunal or continue an existing case.” American courts also have similar (though infrequently used) procedures by which judges can restrain inveterate litigants. (Adam Lusher, “Attorney General bans race litigant after 82 cases”, Daily Telegraph, Nov. 23).

One doc’s memoir: litigation crisis as morality crisis

Last year it was reported that Dr. Kirk Kooyer, who had come to Mississippi to serve the poor, was leaving the state after being sued by a patient who later said she didn’t want to file charges against him but was talked into doing so by her lawyers (see Aug. 1, 2002; Dorothy L. Pennachio, “Why Dr. Kooyer Had To Move”, Medical Economics, Dec. 23, 2002). Now Kooyer has published a memoir/essay on the tort mess which really shouldn’t be missed, at this link. Brief excerpts follow:

“I watched as a litigation mentality crept into the Mississippi Delta, fueled by a favorable judicial environment. I have had to personally deal with the harassment of unmerited litigation along with its consequences to my family, my practice and, ultimately, my idealism. …

“[A] jury in Sharkey County, where I lived and practiced for eight years, awarded $10 million to the family of a man who had electrocuted himself by touching a pipe to a power line. As the treating physician in that case, as well as a resident of the county, I was interested in knowing what culpability the jury felt the defendant electric company had in the electrocution. One of the jurors told me, ‘Oh, we didn?t think the electrical company did anything wrong, but this way the children will be taken care of.’ …

“Perhaps no individual has suffered more [from the state’s medical liability crisis] than Dr. John Lucas III from Greenwood, Miss. Dr. Lucas, a fourth-generation Mississippi physician, is a trauma surgeon who was instrumental in setting up Mississippi?s statewide trauma network to speed victims of trauma from rural areas to appropriate medical care. In the past year, Lucas has been forced to witness the dismantling of the trauma network because of declining numbers of trauma surgeons in Mississippi. Additionally, he has had to personally deal with three distracting medical malpractice lawsuits, which he considers frivolous. And this past spring, his oldest son sustained a critical head injury in an automobile accident near Greenville, Miss. Last year, Greenville had well-established neurosurgical services. This year the last neurosurgeon providing emergency services in Greenville left the state. After his accident, vital neurosurgical care was delayed while Dr. Lucas’ son was transported 100 miles to the University Medical Center in Jackson. Dr. Lucas, a well-respected surgeon who worked diligently to improve trauma care in his state, who was personally dragged into Mississippi?s lawsuit frenzy, helplessly watched his precious son linger in a coma for several weeks and die for lack of expedient medical care. …

“I don?t think we should be distracted from what is at the heart of our nation?s tort crisis: a crisis in personal morality. We were taught from an early age not to accuse falsely and not to take something that doesn?t belong to us. When litigation is pursued in cases where there has been no negligence and where there has been no injury, not only is tort law not fulfilled, but an important moral teaching is also forgotten.” (Kurt Kooyer, “New Crisis in the Mississippi Delta”, The Spark (Calvin College), Fall). In its next issue, the Calvin College magazine runs a response from an Emory law prof who finds it just fine and completely understandable that people should file lawsuits demanding large sums as a way of “seek[ing] answers” after sudden and unexplained medical catastrophes — which tends to confirm Kooyer’s last point, so far as we can see. (Paul J. Zwier II, “Another Look at a ‘New Crisis in the Mississippi Delta'”, Winter) (& see Dec. 17).

You’d better watch out

At least if you’re a California employer: labor-law bounty-hunters are coming to town (see Oct. 20). The Ison Law Group sounds the alarm (“The New ‘Bounty Hunter’ Legislation: What Everyone Should Know”, undated). Be good for goodness’ sake — not that you won’t get sued anyway (via Tim Sandefur)

Abuses “laughing gas”, sues over crash

Florida: “A teenage girl who got into a serious car crash [after she and a] friend inhaled nitrous oxide has sued the video store that allegedly sold cartridges. … Palm Beach County Sheriff’s investigations have not linked the crash to nitrous use.” A manager at the video store said the teen’s “parents are looking for a scapegoat, they don’t want to take responsibility for their own children’s actions.” (“Brain-damaged Boca Raton girl sues alleged nitrous seller”, AP/Sarasota Herald Tribune, Dec. 11).

Cost of U.S. liability sector in 2002: $233 billion

“The U.S. tort system cost $233 billion in 2002, a $27.4 billion increase over 2001, representing the largest dollar increase in U.S. history. Current costs translate into $809 per U.S. citizen, $87 more than in 2001 and $797 more than in 1950.” So say the people at Tillinghast Towers Perrin, who’ve issued the newest update to their widely followed series of estimates of the size of the liability insurance sector of the U.S. economy. Liabilities tied to asbestos payouts jumped to $11 billion, double the level of just two years earlier, and medical malpractice, class actions and shareholder suits all exerted upward pressure on the totals. Less than 50 cents on the dollar of these costs were returned to claimants, and only 22 cents went to compensate actual economic losses, the report says. “Tort costs increased by a total of 30% in the last two years — the largest two-year increase since 1986/1987.” (“U.S. Tort Costs Climbed to Record $233 Billion in 2002, According to Tillinghast Study”, Dec. 10, executive summary (PDF).

“Insult to Injury”

In recent decades, influenced by feminist views, the law’s treatment of domestic violence has swung toward a “mandatory arrest, mandatory prosecution” model in which the full weight of criminal law is brought to bear on alleged batterers even if the victim would prefer not to press charges; reinforcing this model are mandatory-reporting laws requiring medical and other professionals to report on cases of likely battering. In Insult to Injury: Rethinking our Responses to Intimate Abuse, however, NYU social work and law professor Linda Mills argues that in practice this model often works against the interests of actual victims of domestic violence, undermining their power to improve their situations and discouraging them from seeking medical attention or other forms of assistance. Description and prologue from Princeton Univ. Press; reviews by Cathy Young (Reason), Clay Evans (Scripps Howard), Trish Oberweis (Law and Politics Book Review)(see Mar. 16 and Mar. 29, 2000; Mar. 4, 2002).

U.K.: Greek tavernas shun dish-breaking

“The tradition of smashing plates at Greek restaurants is disappearing because of a ‘compensation culture’ which hundreds of owners fear will lead to them being sued by customers hit by flying crockery.” (Adam Lusher, “Smashing Greek custom goes to the wall”, Daily Telegraph, Nov. 23).